The Nematode, Ornithostrongylus Quadriradiatus, a Parasite of the Domesticated Pigeon^'

Introduction 1 Historical review 2 Materials and methods 3 Taxonomic studies 4 Life history 8 Preparasitie stages 8 Parasitic stages 10 Effects of environment on eggs and larvae.-_ 10 Eggs 10 Firstand second-stage larvae 11 Infective larvae 11 Host-parasite relations— 15 Parasitic stages in pigeons of different breeds 15 Host-parasite relations—Continued. ^^g^ Attempted infestation of other species of birds 16 Sex ratio of parasitic stages 17 Reaction of pigeons to graded doses of larvae 18 Age resistance in pigeons 20 Acquired resistance in pigeons 22 Pathogenicity 28 Symptomatology 28 Gross pathology 29 Microscopic pathology 30 Control measures 31 Summary and conclusions 33 Literature citied 34